Relationship between Reactivity Ratios and Configuration for Donor—Acceptor Type Copolymers

For binary copolymers from an acrylic monomer (acceptor type, M¹) and an aromatic-substituted monomer (donor type, M₂) a linear relation between log (r₂/r¹) and the probability of “coisotactic” alternating addition is observed. This can be a proof for the influence of monomer polarity on the copolymer configuration.     

Branched plasticizers derived from eugenol via green polymerization for low/non-migration and externally/internally plasticized polyvinyl chloride materials

The synthesis of nontoxic plasticizers derived from the waste residues of the rosin-processing industry can reduce pollution and promote the high-value utilization of the waste residues of rosin. In this study, four kinds of sustainable branched plasticizers derived from a biomass resource, eugenol (derived from the waste residues of the rosin processing industry), were synthesized via one-pot solvent free polymerization and used to plasticize polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Internally plasticized PVC was fabricated using thiolated DPE (branched plasticizers based on eugenol). The thermal stability, tensile properties, microstructure, volatility behavior, and solvent extraction resistance of plasticized PVC were investigated. Compared with the behavior of the commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate, the thermal stability, plasticizing efficiency, and migration resistance of the branched plasticizers are superior. The acute oral toxicity dose of each branched plasticizer was extremely high at 5000 mg/kg of body weight, with no deaths among test animals. Compared with externally plasticized PVC, the internally plasticized PVC showed zero weight loss in volatility and leaching tests despite its less effective plasticization. All the branched plasticizers have potential application in plastic products.     

表面活性剂修饰ZnIn2S4光催化甲苯选择性氧化

采用溶剂热合成法,借助十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和十八烷基三甲基溴化铵 （STAB）的修饰合成了富含硫缺陷的ZnIn2S4-CTAB和ZnIn2S4-STAB光催化剂. 通过透射电镜、X射线衍射、紫外可见漫反射光谱、电子顺磁共振和光电化学性能测试对所有样品进行了表征,并通过光催化甲苯氧化反应测试样品的催化活性. 活性结果表明ZnIn2S4-CTAB和ZnIn2S4-STAB上甲苯转化速率分别达到795 μmol gcat-1 h-1和1053 μmol gcat-1 h-1,是未修饰ZnIn2S4-Blank催化剂的4倍和5倍,同时目标产物苯甲醛选择性均大于92%. 机理研究发现,表面活性剂修饰后的ZnIn2S4-CTAB和ZnIn2S4-STAB较ZnIn2S4-Blank,具有更高浓度的硫缺陷. 硫缺陷通过捕获电子促进了光生载流子的分离与利用,显著提高了ZnIn2S4-CTAB和ZnIn2S4-STAB的光催化甲苯选择性氧化制苯甲醛活性.     

基于深度学习的“实验方案设计”主题式复习教学——以“阿司匹林的制备和提纯”为例

针对实验方案设计题的得分率分析和教学现状,基于课程标准、教材、真题和文献研究,构建“阿司匹林的制备和提纯”深度学习主题模型。通过设计制备和提纯阿司匹林的实验方案,构建实验方案设计的思维模型,并以制备七水合硫酸锌为例内化思维模型,在解决真实、复杂的问题过程中实现核心知识结构化,生成指向深度学习的主题式复习教学流程。     

Raney Ni催化生物基糠醛还原胺化合成糠胺

生物质衍生物糠醛还原胺化是合成糠胺的一种有效方法。本文以糠醛为原料、氨水为氨源,使用商业Raney Ni催化糠醛还原胺化合成糠胺,考察了氢压、温度、n(糠醛)/n(氨水)、溶剂、催化剂用量等条件对反应的影响。实验结果表明：在1,4-二氧六环溶剂中,0.03 g Raney Ni、n(糠醛)/n(氨水)=1/2、130 ℃、2.0 MPa H₂条件下反应3 h,糠醛转化率100%,糠胺选择性96.3%。与传统方法相比,该工艺实现了非贵金属催化剂作用下高选择性反应,具有操作简单、低成本、收率高等优点。      

基于社会性科学议题的化学微项目学习*——以“物质的性质与转化”单元复习为例

在化学课堂中开展社会性科学议题的教学能够发展学生的社会参与意识,结合微项目学习模式,从课堂教学角度出发,构建选定项目、启动项目、实施项目、交流成果等4个教学流程,确立实施教学的核心问题,设计了鲁科版高一化学“物质的性质与转化单元复习课”,进行了基于社会性科学议题的化学微项目学习的实践教学,结合实践的基本情况提出4点反思。     

The metallic C6S monolayer with high specific capacity for K-ion batteries

K-ion batteries (KIBs) attract considerable attention due to the abundance of K, high-working voltages, and chemical similarity with Li, enabling the utilization of mature Li-ion technology. However, shortage of high-performance anode materials is a critical obstacle for the development of KIBs. Through first-principles swarm-intelligence structural search, we identify a potential anode material, the C₆S monolayer, which provides not only a remarkably high specific capacity of 1546 mAh/g but also a low diffusion barrier of 0.11 eV and a low open-circuit voltage of 0.21 V. Inherent metallicity originates from delocalized π electrons.     

Sn-Al-β分子筛酸性在葡萄糖转化反应中作用的固体NMR研究

制备了一系列具有不同酸性质的β分子筛催化剂, 通过固体核磁共振(NMR)探针分子技术对其酸性质进行了表征, 并考察了其催化葡萄糖转化为乙酰丙酸甲酯的性能. 吸附三甲基磷的³¹P NMR实验结果表明, 含有骨架Sn以及Al原子的Sn-Al-β催化剂同时具有Br?nsted与Lewis酸性. 通过2-¹³C-丙酮探针分子区分出 3种酸强度的Br?nsted酸位, 其中一种酸强度接近“超强酸”, 可能是由于空间邻近的Br?nsted酸位和Lewis酸位发生协同作用产生的. 葡萄糖转化为乙酰丙酸甲酯的催化反应结果表明, 相比于分别只含有Lewis酸位和Br?nsted酸位的Sn-β和Al-β样品以及两者的物理混合样品, Sn-Al-β分子筛催化剂具有高催化活性与产物选择性, 这主要是由于Br?nsted酸位和Lewis酸位的协同作用产生了强Br?nsted酸位, 这种强Br?nsted酸位进一步导致了更高的催化活性.     

Co3O4/UiO-66@α-Al2O3陶瓷膜对VOCs废气的分离催化性能

以α-Al₂O₃为支撑层, UiO-66为分离层, Co₃O₄为催化层, 构建了Co₃O₄/UiO-66@α-Al₂O₃陶瓷膜.对其形貌结构进行了表征, 并研究了其对挥发性有机物(VOCs)的分离催化性能. 结果表明, 该陶瓷膜对喷涂行业废气中苯与吡啶两种主要成分体现出良好的分离性, 透过侧的气体中吡啶与苯的摩尔浓度比值可由给料侧的1提高至17; 体系中引入臭氧后, 给料侧苯的浓度明显降低, 其去除率可达到89%. 透过侧的吡啶去除率仅为27%, 得到了较大程度的保留, 剩余的吡啶经收集后可进行单独的深度处理. Co₃O₄/UiO-66@α-Al₂O₃陶瓷膜在对喷涂行业废气中苯成分高效降解的同时, 能够有效解决喷涂行业废气处理过程中氮氧化物的排放问题, 有望成为喷涂行业废气预处理工艺的理想选择.